نقص الزنك ومرض التوحد – من الآليات الخلوية إلى الدراسات السريرية – تحديث
المؤلفون: أندرياس م. غروبكر
المؤتمر: تحديات التوحد وحلولها – الثاني عشر 2024
الكلمات الدالة: الزنك، نقص الزنك، اضطرابات النمو العصبي، التعبير الجيني، الزنك، نقص الزنك، اضطرابات النمو العصبي
خلاصة
يعد الزنك عنصرًا متعدد الاستخدامات حاسمًا في العديد من العمليات البيولوجية، بما في ذلك التعبير الجيني وانقسام الخلايا والتفاعلات الأنزيمية. في السنوات الأخيرة، اكتسب الزنك اهتمامًا متزايدًا في السنوات الأخيرة كمنظم محتمل لنمو الدماغ السليم. ارتبط نقص الزنك بدوره باضطرابات النمو العصبي مثل اضطراب طيف التوحد (ASD). أظهرت دراساتنا أن العوامل الوراثية والبيئية، مثل نقص الزنك قبل الولادة، يبدو أنها تتلاقى في عملية عصبية بيولوجية تحدد السلوكيات المميزة المرتبطة باضطراب طيف التوحد. تتمثل إحدى نقاط الالتقاء الحرجة في إطلاق الحويصلة المشبكية وإعادة تدويرها. تتأثر هذه العملية بإشارات الأمعاء والدماغ. استطعنا أن نظهر أن ضيق الحاجز المعدي المعوي الضعيف (الأمعاء المتسربة) يعتمد على حالة الزنك وأن العمليات المؤيدة للالتهابات في القناة الهضمية تؤدي إلى حدوث التهاب عصبي. يلخص هذا الحديث أحدث النتائج التي توصلنا إليها حول كيفية إسهام نقص الزنك في حدوث خلل في وظائف الدماغ عبر محور الميكروبيوتا-الأمعاء-الدماغ ميكانيكيًا على المستويين الخلوي والعضوي. وعلى وجه الخصوص، يعد تنشيط الخلايا النجمية بسبب نقص الزنك اكتشافًا جديدًا سيتم تسليط الضوء عليه. علاوة على ذلك، ستُظهر البيانات الجديدة من التجارب السريرية الحديثة باستخدام مكملات الزنك على النساء الحوامل أن النتائج المستخلصة من النماذج الخلوية والحيوانية يمكن ترجمتها إلى دراسات على البشر، مع تأثير مكملات الزنك على الجراثيم وحالة الالتهاب لدى المشاركين. وهكذا، وللمرة الأولى، يمكننا أن نمد الجسر من الوظائف الخلوية للزنك إلى آثاره على صحة الإنسان في سياق التوحد.
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