Impact of ChatGPT on Vocabulary Development: A Comparison Study

Abstract

This pilot study explores the effectiveness of ChatGPT compared to traditional online language tools like Google Translate in enhancing vocabulary development among undergraduate students learning elementary Korean language at the American University of Sharjah (AUS).

While previous research has examined ChatGPT’s impact on English vocabulary learning, few studies have investigated its role in supporting foreign language learning beyond English. This study uses empirical methods to compare the efficacy of ChatGPT and Google Translate in helping students learn basic but frequently used Korean nouns, assessed through pre- and post-tests.

During the intervention, participants read two short Korean texts containing target words, using either ChatGPT or Google Translate to interpret unknown vocabulary. Results revealed that the ChatGPT group achieved higher mean test scores than the Google Translate group. This performance difference may reflect the greater learner engagement enabled by an interactive AI chatbot compared to a static translation tool.

Additionally, students’ perceptions of the tools’ usefulness were gathered, offering insights into effective strategies for integrating AI in education to support Korean language instruction. The study provides recommendations for educators on leveraging AI to enhance vocabulary acquisition in online language learning.